1INDUSTRIAL GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRIAL GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION

Let's talk about the primary types of industrial greenhouses. It's relatively uncommon knowledge that due to their exceptional light transmittance and climatic stability, professional industrial greenhouses are typically constructed using glass.

The Netherlands holds a prominent position in greenhouse production and greenhouse equipment on a global scale. In the last ten years, advancements in greenhouse technologies have enabled a shift from energy-intensive to environmentally sustainable greenhouse practices. Collectively, Dutch greenhouses span an area exceeding 60 square kilometers, creating a glass city within the Westland region, which is also home to the PERSPEKTA company headquarters.

The supporting framework of all greenhouse types includes columns, trusses, gutters, purlins, braces, connections, and connecting components.

This type is referred to as a "lightweight structure" because the load-bearing part is made of steel, and the material for securing the covering is aluminum.

The fundamental principle of greenhouse constructions is their dependability and long-lasting quality, which is guaranteed by accurate structural calculations for all external and internal pressures.

The greenhouse structures are typically crafted from cold-rolled profiles, which undergo galvanization through a hot-dip galvanization process. The steel structure comprises key elements, such as columns, trusses, beams, purlins, and braces. 

The use of aluminum profiles helps to reduce the weight of the structure, secure the glass, manage rainwater drainage, and ensure the structural integrity of the construction. The aluminum structure includes profiles for glazing and connecting troughs.

The foundation of the greenhouse, known as the "construction," serves multiple purposes, including shielding plants from unfavorable weather conditions, facilitating the installation and operation of engineering systems, and ensuring the overall durability throughout its service life. The construction typically represents 10-25% of the total construction cost for a fully equipped greenhouse.

The wealth of Dutch history has contributed to the creation of three fundamental greenhouse models:

aVENLO GREENHOUSE

VENLO GREENHOUSE

Among all greenhouse types, the Venlo greenhouse stands out as the most widely favored option. It offers a cost-effective solution compared to other types and can be tailored to meet your specific needs. These greenhouses are exceptionally sturdy and come with low operational expenses due to the combination of steel, glass, and aluminum.

The entire steel structure is fabricated with consideration for the internal greenhouse, wind, and snow loads specific to the region in which you plan to build. Each component is designed to be as lightweight as possible while adhering to structural standards.

The greenhouse is made up of a multi-span structure, which includes the following elements: columns, steel trusses, bracing, a white powder coating, aluminum gutters, and aluminum profiles.

Columns

The columns determine the height of the greenhouse with their own length. The optimal height of the greenhouse depends on the type of plants and the cultivation method. Today, we increasingly recommend greenhouse heights of 6.0m, 6.5m, and 7.0m. However, the choice can range from 4.5m to 12.0m. The columns of the greenhouse are constantly subjected to pressure.

Firstly, they bear the weight of the glass, aluminum roof, and internal greenhouse systems.

Secondly, greenhouse columns experience vertical loads as a result of wind suction.

Thirdly, the steel columns are subjected to horizontal loads due to the pressure exerted by the trusses affected by the wind.

Steel trellises

In addition to the columns, the trusses create the framework of the Venlo greenhouse, serving as a structure to transmit all loads to the foundation. These steel trusses also serve as the support for internal systems like ventilation system, shading systems, hanging growing gutters, heating systems, steel wire, and any other systems as required by your project. The trusses themselves consist of four elements: the upper and lower chord profiles, diagonals, and end plates.

The span of the greenhouse is determined by the length of the truss, which is the distance between columns. The typical truss width is 8.0 meters, 9.6 meters, and 12.0 meters, with 8.0 meters being the most prevalent. Two ridges are located on a single span of this greenhouse. This greenhouse is offered as a versatile solution for both vegetable and flower producers.

Cross braces

To support loads at a 90° angle, columns and trusses alone are sufficient. However, loads can come from various angles, which is why bracing is incorporated into the structure. Their main role is to transmit horizontal forces along the gutters to the foundation.

White powder coating 

All steel elements are always galvanized to prevent oxidation, giving the steel structure a gray appearance. Columns and trusses can be coated in white, which reduces light absorption and gives the greenhouse an unparalleled look.

Use of ALUMINUM PROFILES

The use of ALUMINUM PROFILES allows for a lighter frame, securing the glass, directing rainwater, and ensuring the overall structural strength.

A rubber gasket between the glass and aluminum enables a tight seal to prevent water and wind from penetrating the greenhouse. Similar to the steel structure, the aluminum system is designed to be lightweight and durable.

Aluminum gutter

Glass panels are inserted directly into the aluminum gutter profile. Thanks to the sealing, the glass retains its function as a gutter even during heavy rainfall. In simpler terms, when there is a significant amount of rainwater, it moves upward along the glass towards the ridge but does not enter the interior of the greenhouse. This characteristic enhances the efficiency of the aluminum roof system.

The aluminum gutter not only collects rain and snow but also plays a significant structural role, providing strength. Additionally, the tray collects condensate water inside the greenhouse.

Aluminum profiles

The profiles (glazing bars) used to secure the glass ensure maximum light transmission. For roofing, single-pane clear glass with a thickness of 4.0 mm is employed.

The side walls are typically glazed with single-pane glass. However, the system allows for the use of double glazing, polycarbonate, or sandwich panels as alternatives for covering.

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bWIDESPAN GREENHOUSE

WIDESPAN GREENHOUSE

In terms of design, a wide-span greenhouse sets itself apart from a Venlo greenhouse due to its larger span width, roofing structure, and ventilation system. The span width in a wide-span greenhouse can reach up to 12 meters, and it typically features a single ridge running across the entire span. This larger span width results in a more substantial air buffer, contributing to a more favorable climate inside the greenhouse. Wide-span greenhouses are commonly utilized in applications such as garden centers and other architectural projects.

It's worth noting the primary drawback of this type is that it is much larger and heavier than the Venlo greenhouse.

The benefit of these types of greenhouses is a minimal amount of shading. This design provides almost limitless opportunities to fulfill specific needs for increased light and air circulation. Ventilation through uninterrupted windows ensures the maximum intake of fresh air. One-sided or two-sided window openings are particularly suitable for anti-mosquito screens.

The wide-span greenhouse is the ideal solution for many types of crops. The significant distance between columns provides more space for plants and automation.

TECHNICAL FEATURES

01

Width of the span up to 16.00 meters

02

Height of the column up to 12.00 meters

03

Ventilation up to 50% of the area

04

Single or double continuous ventilation

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cCABRIO GREENHOUSE

CABRIO GREENHOUSE

Externally, when the ventilation windows are in the closed position, the cabriolet greenhouse appears identical to the Venlo type. However, the distinction becomes evident when the ventilation windows are opened. The aluminum roof can be FULLY OPENED.

The cabrio greenhouse was created with growers in mind who prioritize excellent ventilation and maximum light exposure. Essentially, it features a unique roof that is installed on an adapted Venlo-type supporting structure. This setup provides growers with a wide range of options to precisely adjust the climate to their specific requirements.

Instead of ventilating from the ridge side, the windows of the cabrio greenhouse are hinged to the gutter for opening. The main benefit of the cabrio greenhouse is the ability to condition and acclimate specific plants by exposing them to external weather conditions. When the windows are open, the greenhouse's climate aligns entirely with the external environment.

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2COMMERCIAL GREENHOSUE STRUCTURE

COMMERCIAL GREENHOSUE STRUCTURE

Generally, commercial greenhouses are classified into two types: multi-span and tunnel. The cover material of these greenhouses is typically done using greenhouse plastic or polycarbonate.

aMulti-span greenhouses

Multi-span greenhouses

Multi-span greenhouses are structures composed of multiple interconnected spans. Each span can operate either as part of a larger system or as an independent section, complete with its own heating, ventilation, and lighting systems. The distinctive feature of these greenhouses is the unification of all spans into a single, comprehensive space, enhancing the capacity for plant cultivation.

The structure of multi-span greenhouses typically includes straight posts, optimizing the internal space for efficient plant growth.

The height of the greenhouse not only provides comfort for both workers and plants but also contributes to increased harvest yields. The "gothic" style stands out with its tall, straight supports, ranging in height from 3.50 to 6.0 meters, and reaching 6.20 to 8.70 meters at the ridge.

Gothic-style greenhouses are especially popular in snowy regions due to their design, which prevents snow accumulation on the roof, thereby reducing structural stress.

Galvanized metal is the preferred material for constructing multi-span greenhouses. Its durability and corrosion resistance are crucial for longevity and stability, particularly in areas with fluctuating climates and high humidity.

bTunnel greenhouses

Tunnel greenhouses

Tunnel (single-span) greenhouses, greenhouses are favored for their affordability. These structures are ideal for small-scale farmers who require different environments to grow a variety of crops. In these greenhouses, a special type of polyethylene film is used, and as with all film-covered greenhouses, the harvest quality is largely dependent on the film's quality and features.

Designs of tunnel greenhouses include both arch and gothic shapes, equipped with either straight or angled posts. Greenhouses with straight posts offer more room for plant growth. In contrast, those with angled posts provide less space near the walls, which can be less convenient and decrease the total cultivation area.

While various materials can be used to construct tunnel greenhouses, galvanized metal is often the preferred choice.

cPlastic cover

Plastic cover

The choice of film covering for greenhouses varies based on their seasonal usage, with options ranging from single to double layers of plastic cover.

In warmer climates or post-cold seasons, greenhouses typically use a single-layer plastic ideal for storing cold-resistant flowers or propagation. Initially, greenhouse plastic transmits up to 90% of sunlight, but its transparency diminishes gradually.

A double-layer plastic, when combined with an air inflation system, forms an insulating air gap between the layers, aiding in reducing energy consumption by up to 30%. In its first year, it allows up to 80% of light through but progressively loses its transparency.

The plastic should generally be replaced every three to four years. Some farmers opt for less frequent replacements, every six to eight years, as a cost-saving measure, despite the decline in film quality after its warranty period.

The primary disadvantage of using plastic is its decreasing ability to transmit light, which can drop by 10-20% annually, depending on regional sunlight exposure and film quality. Conventional plastic largely blocks ultraviolet rays, necessitating hand pollination for certain hybrid crops, as bumblebees rely on UV light for navigation.

Film greenhouses boast cost-effectiveness as their key advantage. They are more economical and less complex than glass greenhouses and do not necessitate numerous additional systems like screening or other. The structure can be lightened by placing growing gutters on supports instead of hanging of the structure itself, further lowering costs. Ultimately, the cost of plastic greenhouse is about half that of glass one. Plastic greenhouses also offer the possibility of growing crops throughout the year and harvesting in winter using the supplemental lighting system.

dPolycarbonate cladding

Polycarbonate cladding

Polycarbonate, a polymer-based material. As its advantages, it is known for its robustness against impacts, and its heat insulation properties. Nonetheless, it also comes with several shortcomings.

A significant disadvantage with polycarbonate is its relatively diminished light transmission. Once installed, it may obstruct up to 80% of light, and it is often falls to about 50% a year later. This material is prone to absorbing atmospheric moisture, which, when combined with surface dust, can lead to further opacity and additional decreased light transmission.

As time progresses, exposure to ultraviolet light causes polycarbonate to become yellow and undergo thermal expansion, that leads to its occasional replacement. An additional the accumulation of excessive condensation may cause the challenge to manage the greenhouse climate inside.

Furthermore, there's the risk of a greenhouse effect during hot conditions, potentially triggering fungal infections.

Should you have questions about selecting the right cladding, feel free to reach out to our team!

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3HOBBY GREENHOUSE STRUCTURE

ABOUT HOBBY GREENHOUSES

The use of greenhouses and conservatories in private estates and domestic gardens has become widespread only in recent times, though their origins can be traced back to ancient history. Historically, private conservatories were a symbol of luxury, reserved for the wealthy and elite, primarily for cultivating exotic plants and showcasing affluence. However, with advancements in industrial and technological sectors, particularly in the XIX-XX centuries, the mass production of affordable materials for conservatories and what are known today as "greenhouses" became feasible. This development, particularly the use of glass and plastic, has made these structures more accessible to a wider audience. Currently, hobby greenhouses are utilized year-round for the cultivation of vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs, independent of external weather conditions.

What distinguishes a conservatory, a greenhouse, and an orangery from each other?

Conservatories, greenhouses, and orangeries are three types of structures utilized for plant cultivation, each differing in their purpose, design, and functional aspects. Essentially, their primary purpose set them apart.

A conservatory typically lean to a house. It's crafted for leisure, offering a serene spot to appreciate garden or natural views, while also serving as a potential space for growing plants. It's an ideal place to bask in the warmth of the sun and the beauty of greenery indoors, particularly beneficial during the colder months.

In contrast, a greenhouse, while structurally similar, is fundamentally focused on the cultivation of plants. It can be either a freestanding structure or attached to a house. Constructed from materials like glass or plastic, greenhouses are designed to optimize sunlight exposure. Their chief aim is to provide a regulated environment conducive to the growth of plants, especially those that aren’t suited to the local outdoor climate.

An orangery, on the other hand, is usually more ornate and traditionally elegant, often incorporating architectural embellishments. Historically used primarily between the XVII-XIX centuries, orangeries were spaces for the winter storage and cultivation of exotic and tropical plants, such as citrus trees. They are generally larger and more elaborately decorated than greenhouses and can also function as venues for entertainment and social gatherings.

To create a conservatory, orangery, or greenhouse, the following materials are commonly used:

✔️wood;
✔️metal without galvanization;
✔️galvanized metal;
✔️aluminum.

Experience shows that wood deforms the fastest and quickly becomes unusable. Non-galvanized metal is a more durable option compared to wood, but due to the lack of galvanization, it loses its presentable appearance very quickly. Meanwhile, galvanized metal is the least esthetic material.

Therefore, we use only high-quality aluminum for our structures. That's why your greenhouse will not only last you a long time but will also maintain a beautiful appearance.



 

STRUCTURE OF PERSPEKTA HOBBY GREENHOUSES

The Perspekta greenhouses are crafted from high-queality aluminum, a material known for its lightness, which eases the transport and assembly process, and also reduces the strain on the foundation. Aluminum’s lightweight nature doesn't compromise its strength, allowing it to endure substantial external pressures and influences, thereby ensuring the longevity of the greenhouse.

Aluminum ensures the structure's longevity, maintaining its properties over time. It forms a natural protective oxide coating that guards against rust and corrosion, crucial in the damp environment of a greenhouse.

All assembly components, including fittings, bolts, and nuts, are made from stainless steel.



 

The structure's coating is applied using powder coating technology, which offers several key advantages over traditional painting methods:

01
Strength and Longevity

Powder coating creates an exceptionally strong and durable layer that is more resistant to scratching, chipping, wear, rust, and fading.

02
Environmental Friendliness

Powder coating is free from solvents and releases minimal volatile organic compounds, making it an eco-friendlier option.

03
Durability

This coating is resilient to both thermal and chemical exposure, which is vital as greenhouses are regularly subjected to moisture, pollutants, and UV rays.

ВIn its standard configuration, the structure comes with tempered glass cladding, though there's an option to use polycarbonate instead.

The primary benefit of using tempered glass in greenhouses is its ability to transmit a lot of light, essential for the growth of plants. It is also known for its strength and safety. Tempered glass is significantly more robust than regular glass, being 6-7 times stronger due to its thermal or chemical treatment. This added strength makes it better able to withstand external pressures like wind and snow. In case of breakage, tempered glass crumbles into small, dull pieces, minimizing injury risks.

Tempered glass not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of your greenhouse but also ensures safety.

Should you opt for polycarbonate, we shall clad the structure with 10mm polycarbonate sheets. This material is also used in building of professional and industrial greenhouses. The key advantages of using polycarbonate as a cladding of the greenhouse:

  • • Enhanced thermal insulation, crucial during the winter season;
  • • The ability to diffuse light, mitigating the risk of sunburn and offering complete protection to plants from ultraviolet radiation;
  • • Eliminating the necessity for additional screening;
  • • The combination of lightweight and durable characteristics, which are vital during the assembly and transportation processes.

Ventilation windows are included in all standard models of Perspekta greenhouses. These windows facilitate air circulation, preventing overheating and creating ideal conditions for plant growth. Thanks to the option of manual or automatic opening, they make it easier to control the climate inside the greenhouse, enhancing ease of use.

The Perspekta greenhouse's design presents a practical and visually appealing option for gardeners seeking to cultivate a diverse range of plants within a secure and controlled environment.



 

HOBBY GREENHOUSES RANGE

Our selection of pre-designed models represents the finest in elegance, style, and most importantly, quality. The Perspekta greenhouse range is categorized into three primary groups:

aCLASSIC

CLASSIC

Classic greenhouses crafted in a traditional style. They are designed as rectangular, freestanding structures, suitable for growing vegetables and flowers.

• Elegant

These greenhouses are noted for their distinctive architecture with a sharper roof incline, echoing the English style. They are ideal for creating a captivating and unique garden, characterized by their subtle yet impactful uniqueness.

• Atrium

The atrium-style greenhouses merge classic features: a shallower roof angle and higher posts, maximizing the efficient use of space. These models offer ample space not only for horticulture but also for creating a comfortable area for social interaction with friends.

bORANGERY

PremiER

Explore the "Premier", one of our most sought-after models, ideal for crafting a distinct space. This orangery beautifully blends an area for nurturing plants with a zone for relaxation. Its unique and appealing design will enhance the charm of your garden, creating a special ambiance.

cSPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

We specialize in crafting completely bespoke structures, tailored precisely to your preferences. Move beyond conventional options – our "exclusive" greenhouses are custom-designed for each individual client. Realize your most ambitious concepts, whether it's a Gothic aesthetic, specific dimensions, or unique features. Our custom designs are a tangible manifestation of your imaginative vision.



 

Our range goes beyond just various external styles and shapes of the structures. If you wish, each greenhouse can be outfitted with internal features such as irrigation, heating, screening, and lighting systems. These enhancements are designed to optimize both the comfort and the growth potential of your plants, thereby elevating your overall gardening experience.

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